Wilamaya Patjxa

Wilamaya patjxa ukaxa nayra yacimiento aequeologico ukawa altiplano andino titiqaqa quta qawayankiwa (Perú) markana. UKa utjawixa walja altu (3.925m) ukankiwa llatunkawaranqa maranakatwa ukanxa utjatasipxatayna nayra uywa katuri jaqinakaxa. Uka uraqi chikt´ataxa yatiyasiwa kunjamsa ukanxa nayra jaqinakaxa utjasipxiritayna Ttitiqaqa quta qawayani ukhaxa, ukhamarakiwa, uñachyasiwa kunjamsa sarnaqasipxiritayna ukhamaraki lurapxiritayna uka naraqata jaqinakaxa thayampi ukhamaraki juyphimpi aka patapampa tuqinxa ukana utjirina.

2019 uka marana Wilamaya Patjxa uraqinaka jat´iwinaka, Puno suyuna, Perú markana

Uka uraqixa maysk´a luma patxankiwa waranqa suxtapataka hectáreas ukankiwa.

Uka irnaqañataki wakisirinakaxa walja qalata lurañanakani materiales ukaniwa, qalatakhitutanaka, jach´a uywa ch´akanaka ukhamaraki chupika laq´a. Janiwa ñiq´ita lurata ceramicas ukhamaraki arquitectura permanente ukaxa utjkiti, ukaxa saña muniwa nayrapachaxa utjasirinakapaxa sariri jaqinakiritaynawa. Pawaranqa tunka kimsaqallquni marana excavaciones arqueológicas uraqi jat´´iwinakaxa uñachayasiwa kunaymana sarnaqawinaka utjatapa ukankiwa jaqinaka allintata suxta jaqinakawa uñasia. Fechas de radiocarno ukataypitwa yatisixa paya jaqi chakanakwa yatisixa ukaxa utjiritaynaxa jaya llatunka waranqa ukhamasa kimsaqallqu waranqa apaqallqu pataka 9.000 - 8.700 BP maranakanwa utjasipxiritaynaxa.

Wilamaya Patjxa Mapa

Wilamaya Patjxa allintawinaka uñachayataxa warminaka allintawiwa (WMP6) ukhamaraki yaqhaxa chachana (WMP1) ukawa, sapa mayniwa jach´a uywanaka katuñataki lurañanakawa. Uka yatisaxa, uka aylluna utjasirinakaxa uka jaqinakaruxa sutichapxiwa Warawara ukhamasa Phaxsi sasina. Uka uñanchawinakaxa amuyayasiwa jupanakaxa jach´a uywa katurinakiripachawa, ukanakawa yanapixa kunjamsa nayrapachaxa jaqinakaxa uywa katurinakatayna utxa, ukamatwa yatiraktanxa kunjamataynasa chachati jani ukaxa warmicha uka yatiñatakisa nayra utjasiri jaqinakana, kunjamakitixa jichhapachanakaxa manqanaka pallasiri jaqinakampi. Paya uru saraqata jalluqallta phaxsixa pawaranqa patunka mayani maranxa, Ministerio de Cultura ukaxa peruano markanxa Warawarana ukhamaraki Phaxsina lurawinakapxa uñt´ayiwa Patrimonio Cultural de la Nacion ukhama.

Warawara

Warawaraxa tawaqu warminawa kunaymana uywa katuñanaka yanakapampi allintataa niya llatunkawaranqa maranakanipachawa ukaxa Wilamaya Patjxa ukankiwa. Warawaraxa sañmuniwa estrella castilla arukxa ukhamsasawa ukawjana utjasiri jaqinakaxa sutiyasipxi, uñstawipatpacha kunayrasatixa yatisi jaqi jiwata allintawipata (WMP 6) ukhama.

Paya wakt´ayawi maranakapa yatiñataki ch´akana pharphaparu yatiyasixa uka allintawixa apaspachanawa llatunka waranqa marata niya kinsaqallqu waranqa paqallqu pataka maranakana. Uka análisis proteómicos ukhamaraki chakanaka uñxatawitwa uñachayiwa ukawa warmiwa ukhmasa niya tunka paqallquni jani ukaxa tunka llatunkani maranipachawa ukxa kunawrasatixa jiwawaypacha ukaxa.

Warawaraxa, Wilamaya Patjxaru allintatawa suxta jaqi (WMP6). Warawaraxa tawaqu warminawa kunaymana uywa katuñanaka yanakapampi allintata niya llatunkawaranqa maranakanipachawa ukaxa Wilamaya Patjxa ukankiwa

Ukaxa kunjamiritaynasa Warawarana wariwawa katuñaxa ukwa uñachaychitu. Uka uñachawixa yatiyasiwa uka lurañanaka jakiwita, qalaru sixsutanakata ukhamasa yaqha nayra lurawi jakiwinakata aka suyuna utjawita. Ukhamasa Matthew Verdolivo ukana iwxawinakapampi Randy Haas ukanakampi yanapata.

Uka jaqi allintata p´iyanakaxa, jaytpacha, wali wakisiri Wilamay Patjxa uraqita allsuta lurawinakawa ukhamasa Soro Mik´aya Patjxa jak´ankiwa. Walja lurawinaka jakiwixa jach´a uywanaka katuña lurawinkapachanawa. Apnaqaspachanawa uka phisqa puntani q´axchañanaka ukanakawa jach´a uywaka warinaka ukhamasa taruca katuñataki apnaqasityanaxa, kunjamakitixa aka utjawisanakana ukhama. Examen microscopico ukataypita uñjata uka wali puntani arinakaxa apnaqasinawa uywanaka jiwayañataki janiwa khariñataki ukhamasa imt´´añatakinati. Uka qalata lurawinakaxa waljanakanawa liphichita t´awra apaqañataki, lascas, qhariñanaka, ari k´utañanaka, guijarros ukhamasa chupika laqanaka, ukanakaxa uywanaka aychanaka imañatakiñapachanawa. Uka walja apthapita jach´a uywanaka katuña lurañanakaxa warmina apnaqataxa uñjayasiwa warmiwa uywa katuripachanaxa. Uka ch´umsuwi amtawiru purisixa nayra sarnaqawinaka uñxatasisa, kawkintixa uka lurañanakaxa apnaqasitaynawa jakawipata jiwañapkama ukatwa jiwañaparu allintataxa.

Samana yant´awinaka ullasisawa Warawarana ch´akapanxa aka pata pampa tuqina utjasitapawa yatisi. Uka carbono ukhamaraki nitrógeno ukanakampi mara yatiñatakixa, ukhamaraki arqueobotánicos ukhamasa zooarqueológicos ukanakanmoi kiktataxa uñachayasiwa manqañanakapaxa pampa quranakiritaynawa ukhamasa aychaxa niya patakatsipanxa patunka jukha manqapxiritaynaxa.

Phaxsi

Phaxsixa jila marani chachawa niya llatunkamarawa allintataxixa uka Wilamaya muqu patxana ukana. Phaxsi ukaxa castilla arutxa “luna” sañmunixa uka sutwa aylluna utjasirinakaxa uchasipxixa uka jaqi jintila jakisinxa Individuo Funerari 1 (WMP1) ukaru.

Radiocarbono ch´aka pharpha uñxatisinwa uka uraqiru allintawinakaxa apaspachanawa niya llatunka waranqa marata kimsaqallqu paqallqu pataka marakama ukhamasa, uksipanxa, ukaxa niya warawarampi chika maranakawa. Análisis proteomicos ukhamaraki osteologicos ukana uñakipasawa Phaxsixa chachanawa ukhamasa patunka phisqani marata kimsa tunka marankama kunawrasatixa jiwkana ukapachaxa.

Uka jaqixa paya aripunta ukanakaru waykatatanawa, ukatxa janiwa qhanakanati uka luraña yanakaxa amayanaka imañaxa jani ukaxa uywanaka katuña q´axchañanakanacha ukaxa. Uka examen microscopico ukawa qhanañchaspaxa ari qalanakati jani ukaxa lurañanaka yanakacha ukxa ukhamasa manynixa khariñatakiwa apnaqasitaynaxa.

Phaxsixa, Wilamaya Patjxa allintata maya jaqinawa (WMP1) sutinchata. Phaxsixa majaqi jila marani chachanawa niya llatunka waranqa maranakawa Wilamaya muqu patjxana allintatanaxa. Uka jaqixa paya ari puntani qalanakampi allintatataynawa.

Isotópos ch´akanaka samanaka ullasinwa yatisixa Phaxsixa wali altu patapampatuqina utjasitapa. Uka isotopos estables decarbono ukhamasa notrógeno, ukanakaxa arqueobotánicos ukhamasa zooarqueológicos ukanakampi challtata, jupanakana manqañanakaxa pamapa quranakanawa ukhamasa aycha manqaxa niya 20% ukhakirakinawa.

Maqañanakapa apthapita

Wilamaya Patjxa ukhamasa Doro Mik´aya Patjxa ukawjanakana utjiri jaqinakanxa apthapipsnawa kunjamanasa maqanakapa ukanaka. Paqallqu jaqinakata química isotopos estables ukanaka uñxatasina Wilamaya Patjxana uñachayasiwa niya 80% ukhawa pampa quranakataynaxa ukhamaraki 20% ukharaki aychanaka. Uka phichantata pampa quranakaxa yatiyasiwaka kuna manq´anakasa utjana uka apharunakawa wakisiri manqapanaxa phuqutanaka manqa sipanxa. Uywa ch´akanaka ukawjana jakitanakaxa qawrauywanakankiwa jilpachaxa (uksipanxa warinakana) maysk´anakaraki tarukanakana. Janiwa chwlla ch´akanakaxa jakiskiti, jamachinakansa ukhamaraki yaqha sarnaqiri uywanakansa. Ukawjana jaktapiwinakanwa yatiychituxa maqañanakapaxa walxa chuxña pampa qurantwa manqapxiritayna, ukhamasa jach´a uywanakaxa awispaxa qullqi jalaqayañatakiwa Wilamaya Patjxa jaqinakataki khaya llatunkawaranqa maranakatpacha aka patapampa tuqina.

Jist´awinaka sarnaqawipa

Pawaranqa tunka kimsani marana Soro Mik´aya Patjxa ukana uraqi jat´iwinakatxa, Albino Pilco Quispe uka jilataxa (Mulla Fasiri uka aylluna utjasiri ukhamasa arqueología proyectonaka yanapirinawa walja pachanaka) jupaxa yatiyanawa Randy Haas uka arqueologo (Universidad de Wyoming) ukaruxa walja lurañataki yanaka uka Mulla Fasiri uka tuqina jakitanakata. Uka kurañataki yanaka uñxatasinwa yatipsnaxa kawki maranakapachasa uka componente del Periodo Arcaico Temprano (11,7-9,0 ka) ukhamaxa, uksipanxa, ukaxa walikhusawa nayra jaqinakata yatiñatakixa Titicaca quta qawayana utjasirinakana. Universidad Davis de California ukana yanapawipampi, arqueólogos ukhamasaki Mulla Fasiri aylluna utjasirinakana jupanakawa uraqi jat´ipxiritayna khaya pawaranqa tunka kimsaqallquni marana ukhamaraki patunka tunka llatunkani marana. Uka uraqina sutipaxa uñstiwa aymara tunu aruta.

Cobertura mediática

Wilamaya Patjxa ukana jakisiwinakaxa walja huayra wasinakanwa yatiyawinakapaxa ist´atanawa, ukasa el New York Times ukankarakinawa, El País ukana, National Geographic ukansa y National Public Radio ukhamaraki. National Geographic ukaxa qillqiwa: ",Ma uywa katuri warmina nayra sarnaqawinakapawa yatisi kunjamsa warminakaxa sarnaqiritayna uka". Forbes uka yatiyawixa qillqiwa: " Jni juchachamti nayra awkinakasaru jani walt´´awinka utjawita, nayra warminakaxa uywanakakxa katurakiritaynawa walja jach´a uywanaka". El New York Times ukaxa yatiyanawa "Nayra yatiyawinakaxa uñt´aychituwa Perú markana ma tawaquna uywa katurina sarnaqawipa", ukatxa "jist´irinakaxa naiwa suma amtawiru puripkiti kunjamsa uka uñstawinakaxa nayra pachanxa utjiritayna ukanaka, kawkintixa chacha warmixa sarawiniritanyna ukxa".

Sixsuwita siwsawi: Puno suyuna nayra sallqa uywanaka katuri jaqinaka

Jicha 2025 maraxa, del Embajador para la Preservación Cultural de la Embajada de los Estados Unidos ukana Perú markana, Mulla Fasiri aylluna jaqinakapampi ukhamaraki Peruano arqueólogos ukhamasa estadosunidenses ukampi yanapt´awipampixa qillqalxiwa aka panka juk´aki ukhamasa sixsuta nayrapacha amtañataki Wilamaya Patjxa sarnaqawi arquelogia tuqita, etnografia ukhamasa aymara yatiwinakata.

Puno suyuna nayra sallqa uywanaka katuri jaqinaka Uñt´añataki. Sandro Edwin Alania Pari ukaba sixsutawa

Warawara, Phaxsi, Wiskachita ukhamasa Panqarita, kunjamtixa siskixa Sandro Edwin Alania Pari akiri pankana Puno suyuna nayra sallqa uywanaka katuri jaqinaka

Uka sarnaqawixa ma wilamasitawa khitinakatixa maqañanaka thaqasawa sarnaqapxiritayna ukhamasa Wilamaya Patjxa ukana jakasipxiritayna khaya paqallquwaranka maranakana. Ayllutuqinxa janiwa ´ch´ulla wariksa katjapkataynati walja pohaxsinaka ukatxa munapxanawa liphichinaka isisiñataki uka altutuqinakanxa wali thayataynawa. Ukatxa mayawruwa, waynpacha chachawarmixa, Warawara ukhamasa Phaxsi, Fasiri qulluruwa makatapxana ukatxa ukanwa paya achachi warinaka katjanipxatayna estolicas ukanakampi. Ukatxa, janira amuyaskasina, ma isk´a wariqallu janiawkini taykani jaytapxi. Kunawrasatixa ikiñawjaru kutt´anxapxi ukaxa, phuchapaxa, wiskachita ukaxa, jani jiwaykañaniti sasawa mayt´asinaxa, ukatxa ayllutuqinxa aychapa, lip´ichipsa wali munapxanaxa. Uksipanxa, aruma chiqaruxa, Warawaraxa ukhamasa phaxsisa tawrapwa khuchurapxana ukhamasa chullwa p´isupxanaxa uka t´awrampixa, qhipanta uruxa ukwa maisk´a wawaruxa churapxanaxa uka wawasti janiwa ch´ullunikanati. Ukamwa, jaqinakaruxa aka uwxa munapxtanwa sasa amuyuyana wariqallu uywasiskañataki. Uka pachatwa, wariwawaxa ayllunkiri jaqinakampixa qamasxixa ukaxa nayraqata uywawa walja tama qhipanakana utxana taqi ayllutukinakankiriru tawrapampi yanapañataki suma thayapatxana utjasiñataki.

Akiri pankaxa kimsa arunakata qillqatawa: (aymara, español ukhamasa Ingles), aymararu jaqukipiwa Dilma Velasquez Llano (Puno) ukhamasa Sixsurakiwa Sandro Edwin Alania Pari (Ilave). Qillqaña Rafael Valdez E.I.R.L. (Lima). WyoScholar de la Universidad de Wyoming ukanxa utjiwa digitales qillqata apaqata inaki apaqaña janiwa qullqitakikiti ukhamasa jakismawa walja qillqata apaqatanaka yatiyawinaka.

Uñxatarikismawa yaqhampi

   • Jiskairumoko
   • Qillqatani
   • Soro Mik'aya Patjxa

Yaqha yatiyawinaka

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